Federal Census Records (US) 1850 & 1860

The federal census for each of these years began on June 1 of that year.

For both, the enumerators were asked to gather the following information:
-street address
-head of household is listed first
-all others in the household are listed next (1850 was the first year each individual was listed)
-personal information for each person including sex, color, age, marital status, ability to read and write, birthplace, birthplace of parents
-value of real estate owned
-trade or profession
-whether an individual was blind, deaf, dumb, idiotic, insane, pauper, or convict

Here's a link for an image of an 1850 census page:
http://c.ancestry.com/pdf/trees/charts/1850.pdf

Here's a link for an image of an 1860 census page:
http://c.ancestry.com/pdf/trees/charts/1860.pdf